History of Women Running for President

History of Women Running for President The history of women running for president in the United States spans 140 years, but only in the last five years has a female candidate been taken seriously as a viable contender or come within reach of a major party nomination. Victoria Woodhull - Wall Streets First Female Broker The first woman to run for President of the United States was something of an anomaly since women did not yet have the right to vote - and wouldnt earn it for another 50 years. In 1870, 31-year-old Victoria Woodhull had already made a name for herself as Wall Streets first female stockbroker when she announced she would run for President in the New York Herald. According to her 1871 campaign bio written by fellow reformer Thomas Tilton, she did so mainly for the purpose of drawing public attention to the claims of woman to political equality with man. Concurrent with her presidential campaign, Woodhull also published a weekly newspaper, rose to prominence as a leading voice in the suffrage movement and launched a successful speaking career. Nominated by the Equal Rights Party to serve as their candidate, she went up against the incumbent Ulysses S. Grant and Democratic nominee Horace Greeley in the 1872 election. Unfortunately, Woodhull spent Election Eve behind bars, charged with using the U.S. mails to utter obscene publication, namely to distribute her newspapers exposà © of the infidelities of prominent clergyman Rev. Henry Ward Beecher and the indiscretions of Luther Challis, a stockbroker who allegedly seduced adolescent girls. Woodhull triumphed over the charges against her but lost her presidential bid. Belva Lockwood - First Female Attorney to Argue Before Supreme Court Described by the U.S. National Archives as the first woman to run a full-fledged campaign for the presidency of the United States, Belva Lockwood possessed an impressive list of credentials when she ran for president in 1884. Widowed at age 22 with a 3-year-old, she put herself through college, earned a law degree, became the first woman admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court and the first female attorney to argue a case before the nations high court. She ran for president to promote womens suffrage, telling reporters that although she couldnt vote, nothing in the Constitution prohibited a man from voting for her. Nearly 5,000 did. Undaunted by her loss, she ran again in 1888. Margaret Chase Smith - First Woman Elected to House and Senate The first woman to have her name put in for nomination for the presidency by a major political party did not envision a career in politics as a young woman. Margaret Chase had worked as a teacher, telephone operator, office manager for a woolen mill and newspaper staffer before she met and married local politician Clyde Harold Smith at age 32. Six years later he was elected to Congress and she managed his Washington office and worked on behalf of the Maine GOP. When he died of a heart condition in April 1940, Margaret Chase Smith won the special election to fill out his term and was re-elected to the House of Representatives, then was elected to the Senate in 1948 - the first female Senator elected on her own merits (not a widow/not previously appointed) and the first woman to serve in both chambers. She announced her presidential campaign in January 1964, saying, â€Å"I have few illusions and no money, but I’m staying for the finish.† According to the Women in Congress website, At the 1964 Republican Convention, she became the first woman to have her name put in for nomination for the presidency by a major political party. Receiving the support of just 27 delegates and losing the nomination to Senate colleague Barry Goldwater, it was a symbolic achievement. Shirley Chisholm - First Black Woman to Run for President Eight years later Rep. Shirley Chisholm (D-NY) launched her presidential campaign for the Democratic nomination on January 27, 1972, becoming the first African American woman to do so. Although she was as committed as any major party male candidate, her run - like Chase Smiths nomination - was largely seen as symbolic. Chisholm did not identify herself as the candidate of the womens movement of this country, although I am a woman, and I am equally proud of that. Instead, she saw herself as the candidate of the people of America and acknowledged my presence before you now symbolizes a new era in American political history. It was a new era in more ways than one, and Chisholms use of that word may have been deliberate. Her campaign paralleled an increasing push for passage of the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) initially introduced in 1923 but newly invigorated by the growing womens movement. As a presidential candidate, Chisholm took a bold new approach that rejected tired and glib cliches and sought to bring a voice to the disenfranchised. In operating outside the rules of the old boys club of career politicians, Chisholm did not have the backing of the Democratic party or its most prominent liberals. Yet 151 votes were cast for her at the 1972 Democratic National Convention. Hillary Clinton - Most Successful Female Candidate The most well-known and successful female presidential candidate to date has been Hillary Clinton. The former First Lady and junior Senator from New York announced she was running for President on January 20, 2007, and entered the race as the frontrunner for the 2008 nomination - a position she held until Senator Barack Obama (D-Illinois) wrested it from her in late 2007/early 2008. Clintons candidacy stands in marked contrast to earlier bids for the White House by accomplished women who were prominent and respected but who had little chance of winning. Michelle Bachmann - First Female GOP Frontrunner By the time Michele Bachmann announced her intent to run for president in the 2012 election cycle, her campaign was neither farfetched nor a novelty thanks to this longstanding sisterhood of female candidates who had previously paved the way. In fact, the only female candidate in the GOP field took an early lead after winning the Iowa Straw Poll in August 2011. Yet Bachmann barely acknowledged the contributions of her political foremothers and seemed reluctant to publicly credit them with laying the foundation that made her own candidacy possible. Only when her campaign was in its final days did she acknowledge the need to elect strong women to positions of power and influence. Sources Kullmann, Susan. Legal Contender: Victoria C. Woodhull, The Womens Quarterly (Fall 1988), pp. 16-1, reprinted at Feministgeek.com.Margaret Chase Smith. Office of History and Preservation, Office of the Clerk, Women in Congress, 1917–2006. U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2012.Norgren, Jill. Belva Lockwood: Blazing the Trail for Women in Law. Prologue Magazine, Spring 2005, Vol. 37, No. 1 at www. archives.gov.Tilton, Theodore. Victoria C. Woodhull, A Biographical Sketch. The Golden Age, Tract No. 3, 1871. victoria-woodhull.com. Retrieved 10 January 2012.first woman to run for US President.

The Many Uses of Swipe

The Many Uses of Swipe The Many Uses of â€Å"Swipe† The Many Uses of â€Å"Swipe† By Maeve Maddox Ben writes: I have noticed the changing in usage of words. When I was growing up â€Å"to swipe a card† (credit cards were not around then) meant to steal it and now you see the term â€Å"swipe the customers card.† No one’s quite sure where this word swipe originated. It’s kin to sweep and swoop. All three words suggest a wide sweeping motion. They can be used as nouns or as verbs. A batter takes a swipe at the ball. (noun) A waiter swipes a table with a towel. (verb) A hawk swoops down on a chicken. (verb) Macduff, learning of the murder of his family, cries: All? What, All my pretty Chickens, and their Damme, At one fell swoope?† (noun) A housewife sweeps the steps. (verb) An opera diva sweeps onto the stage in a long gown. (verb) A card player makes a clean sweep of all the stakes. (noun) The compound noun sweepstakes, meaning â€Å"prize won in a race or contest† entered the language in 1773. An earlier form of the word, swepestake existed in Middle English with the meaning â€Å"one who sweeps or wins all the stakes in a game.† King Henry VII of England had a ship with that name. The verb sideswipe, â€Å"to strike with a glancing blow,† dates from 1917. Its most common use is in speaking of vehicles: His mother was sideswiped by a driver in a green pickup truck. Swipe with the meaning of â€Å"to steal† is a latecomer, dating from 1889. This meaning is said to have originated as theatrical slang used of actors stealing jokes or stage routines from one another. Like Ben, I would have thought, growing up, that â€Å"to swipe a card† meant to steal it. That sense of swipe is still current. Swipe meaning â€Å"to run a credit card† came into use in the 1990s. In practice there’s probably not much chance of confusing the two meanings because context will make the difference clear: I swiped my credit card. The clerk swiped my credit card. Somebody swiped my credit card. Another popular use of swipe in the expression â€Å"to take a swipe at† with the meaning â€Å"to criticize† or â€Å"to make a verbal attack on† or even, perhaps, as in the Google quotation below, â€Å"to threaten†: Lindsey Graham Takes Another Swipe At Glenn Beck Google Takes Another Swipe at Newspapers And Magazines With Fast Flip The Vampire Diaries takes a swipe at Stephenie Meyers Twilight The New Yorker takes a swipe at  everyone Clearly swipe is a word we like to use in a variety of contexts. My only suggestion is that I’d avoid using swipe as a synonym for â€Å"to steal† in a serious context. It’s acceptable enough when used in a non-larcenous context among friends: Who swiped the last donut? He was drinking, so I swiped his car keys. Used of real crimes of theft, it becomes a euphemism to soften a vicious act. For example, this headline about the two juveniles who stole weapons from a gun cabinet and went on to murder five people and wound ten others: School shooters swiped guns from unlocked rack and these: Criminals swipe cables to cash in on soaring value of scrap metal the victim left his building, which is near 75th Street, the night before only to return at 10 am to discover his vintage basketball cards, valued at $2,000, had been swiped. I see no reason to avoid the stronger and more precise word steal in such contexts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a Sentence"Have" vs "Having" in Certain Expressions50 Synonyms for "Song"

Micro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Micro - Essay Example Since the company’s inception into business in 1982, it has grown massively through collaborating, internal development, and strategic acquisition with industry leaders. Throughout this growth, the company has expanded its technological expertise alongside greater understanding of their customer needs. In supporting its employees, the organization rewards and supports them through a program, â€Å"Total Reward†. In the program, there are comprehensive benefits, world-class training programs, recognition programs, international career opportunities, and employee health and wellness initiatives. On an ethical basis, it was wrong for Edmondson to have taken such steps as lying about his qualifications. It was unprofessional of him as a leader to be caught committing such acts as driving while intoxicated. The company to clear its name it should have made Edmondson apologize to the public after his apology to the board before his resignation. The situation affected the corporation investors, board of directors and top executives. There concerns for the board of directors and top executives were concerned whether the questions they were holding out about former CEO Edmondson would be one day answered to their gratification. On the other hand, the investors were concerned with why after Edmondson appointment as CEO the company struggled with lagging stock price and flat sales. The investors’ concerns were affecting the board of directors on their credibility in being able to assess the employees properly before carrying out promotions. The board’s decision was â€Å"tough† this because Edmondson had worked for the company over ten years and had created a good reputation towards all the company stakeholders prior to the newspaper story. Mr. Roberts described this situation as such because he believed that he had made the right choice in selecting, grooming, and mentoring Edmondson as his successor only for such a story to destroy all that

Stress Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stress - Research Paper Example Some people worry too much, and this constant worrying about different problems leads the person to be uncomfortable and anxious. Fatigue and overwork can also have affects that cause stress. People might feel stressed out when they find out that they have worked for too long, but without a credible accomplishment, or when time isnt on their side and they fail to achieve what they had set out to do. If these problems reach a point where a person experiences stress, stress may lead to depression, among other consequences. Depression may also be brought upon by the person himself. If somebody failed at what he set out to do, he might not think of himself as highly as he did before and fail to achieve congruence. He might constantly blame himself for everything unpleasant in his life, and that causes the person to have a lack of self-confidence. This person might also be fearful and suspicious of himself and other people he interacts with. Depression itself has its own consequences and affects, and one of the most dangerous affects might lead the depressed person to commit suicide. The Japanese society is a fine example of how the chain of overwork, stress and depression all take part in causing a person to become suicidal. The typical Japanese workingman leaves in the morning for a full day of work until nightfall where he might go out with his co-workers then set out to take a late train back home where he sleeps late and wakes up for another morning. Among the Japanese working population, almost 63% work as employees in different companies. This means that more than half of the working force of Japan experiences almost the same working routine. This sort of lifestyle is very stressful and demanding, and causes a person to become exhausted and depressed. This kind of depression could lead to suicide, which is why Japan has one of the worlds

Dispostional Personality Theories Essay Example for Free

Dispostional Personality Theories Essay The two most common dispositional theories are Allport’s psychology of the individual theory and the trait and factor theory. Allport’s psychology of the individual theory emphasized that people are unique, even though they may share traits in common, and those unique qualities are what should be focused on. â€Å"More than any other personality theorist, Gordon Allport emphasized the uniqueness of the individual. He believed that attempts to describe people in terms of general traits rob them of their unique individuality†. In order to focus on the individuals uniqueness Allport felt that a broad theory is more useful than a narrow one and he would use information from different theorist in his research. For many years there has been much debate about how many traits actually have an effect on an individual’s personality. In recent years the majority of theorist have come to the conclusion that five is the magic number. Esyneck, McCrae, and Costa have focused their studies on the trait and facto theory and have done much research using standardized tests, clinical observations, and observations from friends and families of the individuals studied. â€Å"Trait and factor theories of personality are based on factor analysis, a procedure that assumes that human traits can be measured by correlational studies†. Each of these theories have different approaches to explaining an individual’s behavior. Both Allport’s psychology of the individual theory and the trait and factor theory have its own effect on individual personalities. Interpersonal relationships are influenced by each of these theories in its own way as well.

Ethical Issues Raised by Data Mining Essay -- Databases Technology Com

Ethical Issues Raised by Data Mining Data mining is the practice of gathering data from various sources and manipulating it to provide richer information than any of contributing sources is able to do alone or to produce previously unknown information. Businesses and governments share information that they have collected with the purpose of cross-referencing it to find out more information about the people tracked in their databases. Data mining has many benefits. Stores are able to stock merchandise that better reflects what customers want. When Victoria’s Secret started tracking user purchases they noticed that customers in Miami bought much more white lingerie than customers in other areas. As a result they began stocking more white products instead of uniformly stocking all stores benefiting both the store and the customer[i]. Another benefit is that it allows companies to consolidate data from many different sources so that more time can be spent analyzing data than finding it in the first place. This is useful for companies that have multiple financial systems and spend a lot of time trying to combine data into a more useful format rather than doing the actual analysis of the data. A more dramatic example is that some say that 9/11 could have been prevented if the FBI had better data mining tools to share and combine information from different offices[ii]. In addition to crime prevention and f inancial analysis the medical research community can use these techniques in medical research to identify trends and causes of disease. Along with the numerous benefits data mining also has a downside. Combining data from various sources can result in revealing information people would consider private and woul... ...ade Commision, The Fair Credit Reporting Act (Washington, DC: GPO, 2004) 46. [xiv] Tavani, Herman T., â€Å"Privacy and the Internet† Ethics and Technology Conference, Boston, MA, 5 June 1999. (Boston College Intellectual Property Forum, 2000) http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/st_org/iptf/commentary/ [xv] D1 Consulting, Report on Double Click, 2003, University of Southern California, 7 June 2004 [xvi] Tavani, Herman T., â€Å"Privacy and the Internet† Ethics and Technology Conference, Boston, MA, 5 June 1999. (Boston College Intellectual Property Forum, 2000). [xvii]European Parliament, Official Journal of European Communities, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Brussels, Belgium: 2000) 10. [xviii] Federal Trade Commission, Privacy Online: A Report to Congress (Washington, DC: GPO, 1998) 3.

America’s Working Poor Response

Tens of millions of men and women in America struggle because they are stressed out about not making enough money even though they are working as hard as possible. In her book Nickel and Dimmed, Journalist, Barbara Rehiring writes about her research working as a minimum wage employee attempting to get by in Americas tough economy, she describes in depth the struggles that the minimum wage workers suffer through and she witnesses them first hand as she goes under cover and works these Jobs herself.Middle class Jobs are being replaced by low income bobs, the people in these Jobs are referred to as â€Å"the working poor†,and are not able to make ends meet at the end of the month. People in America working minimum wage Jobs struggle on a daily bases to get by, this causes them anxiety due to their lack of a health care plan, living situations, and injuries that occur at work. Health insurance premiums are rising and some employers no longer offer this benefit, the low wage worker s are the ones that are particularly affected by this major issue.Employees without health coverage, are unable to get preventative care r proper treatment for an illness, may become sicker later on. In chapter one of her book â€Å"Serving in Florida† Rehiring describes her co worker Sail's situation, â€Å"Gall, for example,†¦ Is supposed to be on the company health plan by now, but they claim they have lost her application form and to be beginning the paper work all over again. So she spends $9 a pop for pills to control the migraines she wouldn't have, she insist, If her estrogen supplements were covered. (27) Without the company behind them, employees will end up paying more for Individual health coverage than their employers would have paid to put them on group coverage. Similar to Rehearing's situation, Morgan Spurious and his flange Alex attempt to survive 30 days living of a minimum wage salary, as n the TV episode â€Å"30 days: Minimum Wage†. In the ep isode there Is a scene where Splotch's hand Is Injured and swollen because of the manual labor he is doing. Due to the lack of medical Insurance he chooses to try out a free clinic provided by the community for the low Income families Instead of the emergency room.Once he Is there he realizes that getting checked by a doctor wont e so easy since there Is so many people In line and the clinic only takes the first twenty. He then has to resort to the emergency room where he Is charged more that he can afford to pay because of his low Income. Even though the communities attempt to help the working poor, not everyone Is available to take advantage of the benefits. While there Is no easy solution to the problem of health Insurance, It Is obvious that leaving employees on their own to find Insurance, rather than Glenn them the benefit of group rates, Is not the solution.America's Working Poor Response By carpenter kook â€Å"Serving in Florida† Rehiring describes her co worker Sail 's situation, â€Å"Gail, for she spends $9 a pop for pills to control the migraines she wouldn't have, she insist, if employees will end up paying more for individual health coverage than their there is a scene where Splotch's hand is injured and swollen because of the manual labor he is doing. Due to the lack of medical insurance he chooses to try out a free clinic provided by the community for the low income families instead of the emergency room.Once he is there he realizes that getting checked by a doctor wont e so easy since there is so many people in line and the clinic only takes the first twenty. He then has to resort to the emergency room where he is charged more that he can afford to pay because of his low income. Even though the communities attempt to help the working poor, not everyone is available to take advantage of the benefits. While there is no easy solution to the problem of health insurance, it is obvious that leaving employees on their own to find insurance, r ather than giving them the benefit of group rates, is not the solution.

Communication Memo

|To: |Dana Donnley, Director of Employee Communication. | |From: |Rey, Employee Communication Manager. | |Date: |March, 8th 2013. | |Ref: |Confidential: Employee Communication Strategy | | |Proposal for the Whirlpool Corporation Employee | | |Wellness Program. | | | | . Background. Whirlpool Corporation (hereinafter the â€Å"Company†) is facing financial problems, and therefore has decided to lower the insurance benefits expenses of its employees. As stated in the Bain & Company’s memorandum dated February 28th 2013, there is a direct correlation between the amount of money spent by the Company on insurance benefits and their wellness. Not only that, but also having healthier employees boosts their productiveness.As a consequence, the Company has included within its Human Resources strategy to offer and persuade its employees (and their spouses) to get in the headquarters a free mini-physical test, denominated the Employee Wellness Program, whereby the height, weight, blood pressure, and vital signs of the employees are measured (the â€Å"EWP†). This means only a routine exam that tests various bodily functions and reflexes, giving as an aftermath a diagnostic of the employee’s general condition.As a result of such test several diseases can be detected in their early stages, giving the employee the advantage of an early treatment, and the company its savings on insurance benefits payments. Whirlpool Corporation is heavily Unionized as a consequence of a responsible leadership of its authorities. 2. Query. You have consulted me in order to draw and structure strategy that the Company should carry out in order to communicate the employees the aforementioned EWP. 3. Response:We propose a multistep strategy that takes fully advantage of the prestige of the Company’s Union, and involves it directly to inform and persuade employees to perform the medical test. Also, main concerns should be specifically addressed, such as the confi dential matter of the information, its propose, and the fact that taking the medical test is voluntary. 4. Foundations of the Response: From a Human Resources standpoint the EWP should be managed carefully to avoid that the employees (and the Union) get confused regarding the real intention of it. In general terms, the communication should be simple, forceful and straightforward.However, some issues should be specially addressed, in order to avoid confusions. These are: 1. The Test is Voluntary. It should be pointed out that the medical test is voluntary, since employees could otherwise interpret it as a coercive measure by the Company. 2. Scope and Benefits of the Test. The communication should also explain the scope of the test, so the employees are sure what to expect when they take it. Also its benefits should be mentioned. 3. Confidentiality of the Information. In spite of being arguments against it[1], I am convinced that this point should be specifically addressed in the comm unication.There should not be doubt about it within the workforce. Also, a mention to the Professional Secrecy legal obligation should be done to reinforce the Company’s commitment to respect it. Hence, the only person to get the result of the test is the employee itself (therefore the Company does not get the information). 4. Use and Propose of the Information. It should also be pointed out that the only purpose of making such medical test is to get a diagnostic of the employee’s general condition for his own benefit and use. . Meeting with the Union. I believe that the Union’s prestige within the vast majority of the employees should be taken advantage of. Therefore, Union leaders should be called for a meeting and deeply informed about the EWP. In such meeting, special emphasis should be given in order to highlight the medical benefits for the employees that the EWP could have. Also, the Company should argue therein, that the only purpose of the meeting is to inform the Union and address its doubts and concerns. 6. Role of the Union.Having performed an informative meeting with the Union, I assume that it will have a very active role informing employees without any request from the Company whatsoever. In fact, for many employees, the Union has more credibility than management. Hence, by involving the Union with the communication, it will be the primary source of calm for many of the employees. In addition, it could advise employees of any legal consequence of a misuse of such information by the Company, which would have strong costs for it (could be considered an abusive dismissal). 7. The Test is Free.This should be explicit within the communication. 8. Spouses of Employees. As stated above, the EWP also includes the spouses of employees. However, in the communication to be delivered, no reference should be made in such regard, since it could be interpreted as intrusive. Therefore, only for those who accept taking the test a verbal exte nsion of the invitation should be performed to their spouses. 9. Formality of the Communication. I advise you to communicate the EWP to the employees via e-mail, since by communicating it by a more formal mean would only give this issue more significance that it has. 10. Further Details.It also should be address specifically that if anyone has any doubt or wants further information about the medical test, should contact either someone at the Human Resources department or at the Union. 11. Other Factors Taken into Consideration. Intimate employee information and its use are of critical importance to maintain an excellent employee-employer relationship. Not only that, but also their productivity is at risk if the message is misunderstood or the information is misused. In that regard, the confidence that the Company has built over the years with its employees can be destroyed in days, if the situation is not managed properly.I remain at your disposal for any further information that yo u may deem necessary. Yours truly, Rey. Employee Communication Manager. ———————– [1] It could be argued that by specifically addressing that the information will remain confidential could provoke a concern on employees, that otherwise would not be concerned. Nevertheless, we doubt that this would be the situation in the majority of the cases. We are convinced that most of the employees would be concerned about the topic, if a commitment of the Company declaring that information confidential were not made.

Misgiving Essays - Poetry, Literature, Culture, Robert Frost

Misgiving Essays - Poetry, Literature, Culture, Robert Frost Misgiving Robert Frosts poem Misgiving exposes how one should experiencelife. He shows this through by comparing the blowing of leaves freely to thefree-will of an individual. This poem creates a new way of viewing life.Frost develops this through three major points, symbolism, imagery, andmeaning. Frosts establishes his first symbolism through the blowing of the leavesin the wind. It seems as though he is comparing himself to the leaves. Inthe poem the leaves are experiencing movement and moving about freelyand he is comparing himself wanting to experience the same thing. By himwanting to experience free-will in his life he clearly uses a leave and astem to show his symbolism of his desire. The most pleasant image in the poem is when he compares himself to theleaves and wanting to be able to move around as they do. In the secondstanza, Frost explains how deeply he wants to fly and at times he seeks asheltering wall for comfort and shelter. The third stanza completes the firstpart of the poem. The visual imagery here was the reluctant whirl and onlyevoked how he liked going through it but couldnt explain why notknowing where it would take him but only as long as it did. The meaning of which Frost portrays himself to b free as the leaves isbecause he does not want to become stagnant. He wants to experiencewhatever life has to offer, whether it is good or bad. To him theimportant thing is the knowledge and experience gained from the wholeevent. In the third stanza. When the leaves go back to where they werecan be compared to an individual in society. Most people are half-asleepmost of the time, but want to keep up with life experiences. Maybe theydidnt get anywhere but the knowledge and experience that was learnedwas the most important aspect gained. This poem indeed establishes symbolism, imagery and meaning. It isuseful for an individual to read in order to be aware and knowledgeableof experiences they may have had in their lives and to appreciate thefree-will each and e veryone of us are given.

Bond Energy Definition in Chemistry

Bond Energy Definition in Chemistry Bond energy (E)Â  is defined as the amount of energy required to break apart a mole of molecules into its component atoms. It is a measure of the strength of a chemical bond. Bond energy is also known as bond enthalpy (H) or simply as bond strength. Bond Energy Explained Bond energy is based on an average of bond dissociation values for species in the gas phase, typically at a temperature of 298 Kelvin. It may be found by measuring or calculating the enthalpy change of breaking a molecule into its component atoms and ions and dividing the value by the number of chemical bonds. For example, the enthalpy change of breaking methane (CH4) into a carbon atom and four hydrogen ions, divided by four (the number of C-H) bonds, yields the bond energy. Bond energy is not the same thing as bond-dissociation energy. Bond energy values are an average of the bond-dissociation energies within a molecule. Breaking subsequent bonds requires a different amount of energy.

Keynesianism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Keynesianism - Research Paper Example Estimated to be worth about $787 billion, the stimulus issued by the Obama administration was to save over 90,000 jobs (Calmes, 2009). The stimulus was broken down to $288 billion, allocated to tax cuts, $224 billion for unemployment benefits, education and healthcare, and $275 billion for job creation through grants and loans from government. The main aim of the plan was to restore confidence in the economy and to spur economic growth given the monetary policy had failed to save the situation. It was also to bring confidence by reducing bonuses to senior executives whose companies had received TARP funds. According to Williams and Calabrese (2013), in a scientific society, there are about four types of theories: descriptive, explanatory and predictive, instrumental and normative. Descriptive and explanatory theories can be categorized under positive while the other two are grouped under prescriptive or normative. Descriptive theories can be said to be forerunners of explanatory theories as they tend to find how different constructs are interrelated. These may include core elements, characteristics, relationships, or dimensions. They are meant to set stage for explanation and prediction. Explanatory theory on the other hand gives insights on what caused an outcome in way that it can be observed. Predictions come in as a test of explanations. instrumentals depend on predictions, they work on the fact that if something occurs, another thing will occur as a result. The Obama Stimulus was positive in nature. It focused on the actual facts on the ground as opposed to general assumptions. At the time of its launch, unemployment rate was at 9%, and to solve this, the government allocated $275 billion for job creationin since monetary policy had failed to bear concrete fruits. This plan was also based on normative theories as it determined how the economy behaved within a time frame of ten years. Within this

REFLECTIONS ON YOUR JOURNAL AND THE COURSE part 2 Coursework

REFLECTIONS ON YOUR JOURNAL AND THE COURSE part 2 - Coursework Example Discrimination is another problem facing American working citizens. Workers in USA undergo discriminations based on age, gender and physical status. Employees from the global societies of today suffer the same problem of discriminations depicted lowering the quality of performance at the workplace. The government should enact strict policies to protect the working citizens from such exploitation that reduces the quality of service delivery leading to under exploitation of human labor. According to Barboza’s report, Apple Corporation is one company that exposes its workers to hostile working environment. My thinking about exposure to hostile working conditions as a contributing factor to unemployment remains the same after witnessing a reputable corporation like Apple exposing employees to the same conditions. The future of the American citizens is not promising despite the formation of various trade unions and retirement acts. Corrupt government officials embezzle pension scheme funds rendering the systems unreliable for the American